What is the liability of A, the aviator, for landing on B's field in an emergency?

In cases involving emergency landings made by aviators on private property, the prevailing legal principle is that the aviator will not be held liable for mere entry onto the land in situations where the landing was necessitated by an emergency. This follows the common law doctrine that recognizes the necessity of acting in self-defense or preserving one's life or safety.

When A, the aviator, lands on B's field due to an emergency, he is exercising a necessity defense. The law generally allows individuals to take necessary actions to protect their safety or prevent greater harm without facing liability. Since A's entry onto B’s property was not for the purpose of causing harm or damage but rather to avoid a worse consequence, liability does not arise simply from the act of entering the field.

It is important to note that while A may not be liable for the mere act of entering the land in an emergency, this does not provide blanket immunity from all potential claims. For example, if A's actions were deemed negligent or reckless during the landing process, or if there were significant damages incurred that could be attributed to A's specific conduct rather than the mere act of landing, liability could still arise. However, the primary principle protects A from liability for the mere entry itself in light of